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Nigeria is known to be the largest economy in Africa which is gifted with abundance of natural and mineral resources. These numerous resources notwithstanding, in the midst of plenty, the citizens suffer from poverty and malnutrition. The major problem is that the peasant farmers do not have the wherewithal to transmute their peasant farms into successful agribusinesses. Given the above background, this study utilised regression analysis to estimate the indicators of selected variables such as: political rights and civil liberty for institutional framework; agricultural investment (recurrent and capital), foreign direct investment on agriculture, gross fixed capital formation, agricultural labour force and real gross domestic product using data sourced from World Development Indicators and Freedom House (1981-2014).The study reveals that more than 85% of land in Nigeria is arable, but not up to 40% of the arable land is cultivated. Therefore, the study recommends restructuring of the agricultural sector through investment which will help generate employment. Furthermore, it is recommended that the institutional framework should be strengthened to boost the performance of the agricultural sector. Keywords: Sustainable Agriculture, Investment; Employment; Institutional Framework